Toyota has a long-standing reputation for crafting durable, reliable, and efficient vehicles, many of which are powered by engines that have become legend in the automotive community. Among those, the Toyota 22R engine stands out for its performance, longevity, and adaptability across various models. If you’ve ever wondered which car uses the 22R engine, you’re not alone. This inline-four engine has found a loyal following over the years, especially in light trucks and off-road machines.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the history of the 22R engine, its technical specifications, the vehicles it powered, and why it became such a popular choice among mechanics and enthusiasts alike.
Introduction to the 22R Engine
The Toyota 22R engine is a 2.4-liter inline-four gasoline engine that was introduced in the early 1980s. Designed to replace the older and less reliable 20R engine, the 22R was known for being more robust, better cooled, and more powerful. It was part of Toyota’s response to increasing global demand for stronger, more reliable engines that could handle both daily driving and rugged terrain.
Technical Overview of the 22R Engine
The 22R engine is a 2,365 cc inline-four engine with an overhead valve (OHV) configuration. It features a cast-iron block, aluminum cylinder head, and a single carburetor in its naturally aspirated form. It produces roughly 100 horsepower and 135 lb-ft of torque, though outputs varied slightly depending on the model year and the vehicle it powered.
One of the most notable upgrades in the 22R family is the 22RE, a fuel-injected version introduced in the mid-1980s. The 22RE offered improved fuel efficiency and slightly higher power output compared to its carbureted predecessor.
Key Features of the 22R Engine:
- 2.4-liter displacement (2,365 cc)
- Cast-iron block with aluminum head
- OHV valvetrain with two valves per cylinder
- Carbureted (22R) and fuel-injected (22RE) versions
- Robust design suitable for off-road conditions
Vehicles That Used the 22R Engine
The 22R engine found a home in many Toyota models, particularly in North America during the 1980s and early 1990s. Its durability and repair-friendly nature made it a staple in both cars and trucks. Below, we’ll explore each major vehicle that benefited from the 22R platform.
Toyota Hilux (ExtraCab and Regular Cab Trucks)
The Toyota Hilux was one of the first vehicles to be equipped with the 22R engine. In the United States, it was often referred to as the Toyota Pickup Truck, and it was available as a regular or extra cab model.
- Years produced with 22R: 1981–1995
- Mileage and performance: Known for its excellent fuel economy (20–25 mpg on highway) and robust performance, the Hilux with a 22R engine could endure extreme off-road conditions with minimal maintenance.
- Transmission options: Available with a 4-speed manual, 5-speed manual, and some models with a 3-speed automatic.
The combination of the Hilux chassis and the 22R engine created a vehicle that became legendary for its bulletproof reliability, especially in desert and mountain environments.
Toyota 4Runner (1st Generation)
The original Toyota 4Runner (1984–1989) was little more than a Hilux Pickup with a fiberglass rear shell and an integrated spare tire. It quickly became a favorite among SUV enthusiasts for its off-road prowess and simple mechanicals.
- Engine lineup: 22R and 22RE versions were common
- Drivetrain options: Part-time 4WD with manual transmission
- Unique features: The lightweight body and strong engine made the 1st-gen 4Runner easy to modify for off-road use
The 4Runner gave Toyota its first real foothold in the SUV market, and the 22R engine helped establish its reputation for reliability and fun performance.
Toyota Celica (GT Models – Limited Markets)
It might come as a surprise, but certain Celica GT models sold in international markets, particularly in Asia and Europe, were equipped with the 22R engine. However, in the United States, the Celica GT usually featured a turbocharged 1.8-liter 1S engine or a 2.0L 1G motor.
- Years available: 1983–1986
- Performance focus: The Celica GT aimed for sportiness, and the 22R offered more low-end torque and better reliability than smaller, high-strung engines
While not a common pairing in the US, the 22R’s use in certain Celica models underscores its versatility across different types of vehicles.
Toyota Corolla (1983–1987 – Limited Use in Trucks)
In some export markets, particularly in countries where the Hilux was sold alongside compact cars, the Corolla name was sometimes stamped on Hilux-based commercial models. In such cases, the 22R engine could be found under the hood.
However, the Corolla passenger cars were not powered by the 22R engine. Instead, they featured smaller, front-wheel-drive motors like the 2T-E or 4A.
This is a common misconception, so it’s worth clarifying: standard Toyota Corolla passenger models did not use the 22R engine.
Other Toyota Commercial and Industrial Applications
Beyond cars and trucks, the 22R engine was also used in various commercial and industrial machinery applications. These included:
- Power generators
- Agricultural machinery
- Water pumps
- Forklifts
Its robust design and ease of servicing made it a popular choice outside of the automotive industry.
Engine Variants and Evolution
The 22R engine family evolved over time, resulting in different iterations with slight improvements in performance, fuel delivery, and emissions.
22R – The Base Model
- Carbureted version
- Production years: 1981–1984
- Horsepower: Around 96–100 hp
This was the original version, known for its simplicity and ease of repair. While less refined than later versions, it was preferred by some off-roaders for easier tuning and maintenance.
22RE – Fuel-Injected Upgrade
- Electronic fuel injection
- Production years: 1984–1995
- Horsepower: Up to 116 hp depending on model year
The 22RE brought improved fuel economy, better cold-start performance, and overall smoother operation. It was a significant upgrade in drivability, especially in urban environments.
22RTE – Turbocharged Option
- Turbocharged version for off-road trucks
- Production years: 1985–1988
- Horsepower: Around 130–135 hp
- Main application: Limited to certain 4WD Toyota pickups and off-road packages
The 22RTE added forced induction to the equation, bringing added punch for performance-oriented users. However, due to the increased heat and complexity, fewer 22RTE engines survive today in proper working condition.
Why the 22R Engine Was Loved
The enduring appeal of the 22R engine goes beyond nostalgia. Its engineering philosophy was built around longevity, simplicity, and adaptability—traits that are still valued today.
Reliability That Stood the Test of Time
One of the standout characteristics of the 22R engine is that it was nearly bulletproof when maintained properly. It was not uncommon for these engines to reach 300,000 miles without major overhauls.
This reliability made them especially popular in:
- Off-road communities
- Agricultural sectors
- Regions with extreme climates like deserts and mountains
Simplicity in Design and Maintenance
Unlike modern engines crammed with computer controls and complex systems, the 22R was praised for its ease of access and straightforward engineering. Most basic repairs and maintenance tasks could be performed with minimal tools and some mechanical knowledge.
- Parts were readily available
- Repair manuals were straightforward
- Tuning and off-road modifications were easy to implement
This accessibility made the engine a favorite among home mechanics and DIYers.
Cheap and Abundant in the Used Market
Due to its wide distribution and long production run, thousands of 22R engines are still sitting in junkyards today. This abundance keeps the prices low for used engines and spare parts.
How the 22R Compares to Other Toyota Engines
While the 22R engine is beloved, it’s helpful to compare it to other engines of its time to better understand its strengths and limitations.
22R vs. 22RE
| Feature | 22R (Carbureted) | 22RE (Fuel Injected) |
|———————-|————————–|————————–|
| Fuel delivery | Carburetor | Electronic Fuel Injection |
| Horsepower | ~100 hp | ~116 hp |
| Reliability | High | High |
| Cold start ease | Moderate | Excellent |
| Tuning difficulty | Easier for basic users | Slightly more complex |
22R vs. 4-Cylinder Competition (Domestic and Foreign)
| Engine | Manufacturer | Displacement | Power Output | Notes |
|———————-|—————|————–|————–|——————————–|
| Chevrolet 2.8L V6 | GM | 2,796 cc | Up to 110 hp | More powerful but less reliable |
| Nissan Z24 | Nissan | 2,389 cc | ~105 hp | Competitor engine in small trucks |
| Isuzu 2.3L | GM/Isuzu | 2,298 cc | ~100 hp | Similar reliability |
| 22R Toyota | Toyota | 2,365 cc | ~100–116 hp | Highest reliability |
Aftermarket and Modification Potential
While Toyota never intended the 22R for high-performance use, its durability and simplicity have made it a favorite of the aftermarket tuning community.
Popular 22R Engine Modifications
| Modification | Description | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Headers and Exhaust | Replacing factory manifolds with performance headers and freer-flowing exhaust | Improves airflow, increasing power and responsiveness |
| High-performance Carburetor | Upgrading to larger or more efficient carburetor | Better fuel delivery under load |
| Camshaft Upgrade | Replacing stock cam with a more aggressive profile | Boosts top-end power and engine responsiveness |
| Fuel Injection Swap | Conversion from carburetor to fuel injection | Improves drivability and cold start performance |
| Supercharger or Turbo Kit | Forced induction addition | Significantly increases horsepower and torque |
Legacy of the 22R Engine and Continued Relevance
Though production of the 22R engine ceased in the late 1990s, its legacy lives on. Many classic vehicle owners, off-road enthusiasts, and backyard mechanics still keep these engines running due to their availability, simplicity, and proven history.
Moreover, the 22R engine serves as a benchmark for what a reliable engine should be: simple, robust, maintainable, and long-lasting.
Collector Value and Community Support
- 22R-equipped vehicles like the 1st-gen Toyota 4Runner and Hilux Pickup continue to gain collector value.
- Spares are still plentiful, and parts suppliers specialize in rebuilding and supporting these classic engines.
- Online forums and YouTube tutorials keep a wealth of knowledge alive for new owners and restorers.
Why Old Tech Still Sells
In an era of digital sensors and complex engine management systems, the 22R engine represents a time when mechanical reliability wasn’t an afterthought. For many users, especially those in harsh environments, it’s still a logical choice.
Conclusion: The Question Answered – Which Car Uses the 22R Engine?
To answer the question succinctly: The Toyota 22R engine was primarily used in Toyota Hilux Pickup trucks and the first-generation Toyota 4Runner. It also saw usage in select export Corolla-based trucks and some industrial machinery.
Its combination of power, reliability, and simplicity made it a favorite in rugged environments and among mechanics who prize durability over sophistication. Whether you’re restoring a classic Hilux, building a vintage off-road rig, or looking to buy a used parts donor, the 22R engine remains an accessible and time-tested option.
If you’re considering a vintage Toyota truck or SUV, knowing whether it’s powered by a 22R engine is the first step toward understanding its history, capability, and potential for modern use.
To sum up:
- Most common applications: Toyota Hilux (Pickup), Toyota 4Runner (1st-gen)
- Key benefits: High durability, fuel-efficient, simple to repair
- Variants: 22R (carbureted), 22RE (fuel-injected), 22RTE (turbocharged)
So, when wondering “which car uses the 22R engine,” think of Toyota pickups, off-road trailblazers like the 4Runner, and rugged machinery that still earns admiration decades later.
What vehicles used the Toyota 22R engine?
The Toyota 22R engine was primarily used in a variety of Toyota vehicles from the mid-1980s through the early 1990s. This inline-four engine was a staple in Toyota’s lineup, particularly in their popular pickup trucks such as the Toyota Hilux (also known as the Toyota Pickup in the U.S. market). It was also featured in the Toyota 4Runner (known as the Hilux Surf in some markets), which contributed to its reputation for ruggedness and reliability in off-road conditions.
In addition to pickups and SUVs, the 22R engine was used in the Toyota Celica Supra, though in higher-performance configurations like the 22RTE turbocharged variant. It also appeared in some commercial vans, including the Toyota Van, expanding its versatility across passenger vehicles and utility-based models. The 22R series’ widespread application across Toyota’s fleet is a testament to its durability and adaptability to different driving needs.
What years was the 22R engine produced?
Toyota manufactured the 22R engine from 1981 until 1995. This extended production time frame allowed the engine to become a well-known and trusted powerplant among Toyota enthusiasts, mechanics, and daily drivers alike. It was initially introduced as an improvement over the earlier 20R engine, offering better reliability and improved performance, especially in off-road and rugged terrain applications.
Throughout its production, the 22R went through several revisions, including the 22RTE, which added a turbocharger for enhanced power output, and the 22RE, which introduced fuel injection for increased efficiency and responsiveness. These updates kept the engine competitive through the 1980s and into the early 1990s, before it was eventually phased out as Toyota transitioned to more modern engine designs like the 3VZE and later the 5VZFE V6 line.
What is the horsepower of the 22R engine?
The standard 22R engine produced around 105 horsepower in its naturally aspirated, carbureted form. This figure remained consistent across many of Toyota’s truck and SUV offerings during the 1980s. While modest by today’s performance standards, the engine’s power delivery was well-suited for the vehicles it powered, particularly when combined with their lightweight frames and durable drivetrains.
The more advanced 22RE version, introduced with electronic fuel injection, boosted horsepower to approximately 135, significantly improving throttle response and overall efficiency. The turbocharged 22RTE variant offered even more power, delivering around 145 horsepower and 170 lb-ft of torque, making it a favorite among enthusiasts who wanted a balance of drivability and performance in their Toyota trucks.
How reliable is the 22R engine?
The Toyota 22R engine is widely regarded as one of the most reliable engines ever produced by Toyota. Known for its rugged construction and simple design, this inline-four engine was built to endure harsh conditions, making it a favorite among off-road drivers and those living in remote or harsh environments. With proper maintenance, these engines can often surpass 300,000 miles without major issues, further cementing their reputation for longevity.
Its mechanical simplicity also contributes to its reliability, as there are fewer components that can fail compared to modern engines with complex electronics and emission controls. This reliability, combined with the availability of replacement parts and a large community of Toyota enthusiasts, makes the 22R a trusted and often-preserved engine in vintage vehicles and off-road builds.
Can the 22R engine be upgraded or modified?
Yes, the 22R engine is highly modifiable, and there is a strong community of Toyota enthusiasts who have developed various performance upgrades over the years. Popular modifications include installing fuel injection from the 22RE, adding a turbocharger or supercharger, upgrading the cylinder head, and improving the intake and exhaust systems. These changes can significantly increase both horsepower and fuel efficiency.
Additionally, engine swaps have been a common practice, with many owners upgrading from an older 20R or 22R to a 22RE or even a 3VZE for better performance and modern drivability. For those seeking even more power, many choose to swap the 22R entirely for a later Toyota V6 engine, which can be adapted to fit with relative ease in classic Toyota trucks and SUVs.
Why was the 22R engine eventually discontinued?
The Toyota 22R engine was eventually phased out due to tightening emissions regulations and the need for more modern, fuel-efficient, and powerful engine options. As the automotive industry advanced in the early 1990s, Toyota sought to implement more technologically advanced engines that could meet new environmental standards while offering better performance and drivability. The 22R, with its relatively outdated carbureted or older fuel-injected configurations, could not keep pace with these developments.
Toyota gradually replaced the 22R with engines like the 3VZE V6, which offered more horsepower and was compatible with emerging engine management systems. Ultimately, this transition marked Toyota’s movement toward more refined and efficient engines that aligned with the growing demand for comfort, performance, and fuel economy in light trucks and SUVs.
Is the 22R engine still valuable today?
The Toyota 22R engine continues to hold value today, particularly among classic truck enthusiasts, off-roaders, and restorers. Its reputation for reliability and durability makes it desirable for those restoring or maintaining older Toyota vehicles such as the Hilux, 4Runner, and Van. Additionally, the 22R remains useful as a budget-friendly engine for off-road builds or as a donor for mechanical swaps, especially in vehicles where a simple, durable inline-four is preferred over more complex setups.
Parts for the 22R engine are still widely available through salvage yards, aftermarket suppliers, and online communities, which enhances its value in the restoration and vintage vehicle scene. For collectors and hobbyists, the engine represents a bygone era of mechanical simplicity and rock-solid reliability, which only adds to its desirability among those who appreciate Toyota’s engineering legacy from the 1980s and early 1990s.