The push button start, also known as keyless ignition, has become a ubiquitous feature in modern vehicles. Gone are the days of fumbling for keys; now, drivers can simply hop in, press a button, and go. This convenience has undoubtedly contributed to its popularity. However, beneath the sleek surface lies a number of disadvantages that are often overlooked. Understanding these drawbacks is crucial for making informed decisions about vehicle purchases and usage.
Security Vulnerabilities: A Gateway for Thieves
One of the most significant drawbacks of push button start systems is their susceptibility to theft. Unlike traditional keys, which require physical manipulation of the ignition cylinder, keyless systems rely on radio frequency identification (RFID) and other wireless technologies to communicate between the key fob and the car. This wireless communication channel can be exploited by tech-savvy thieves.
Relay Attacks: Amplifying the Signal
A common method used by criminals is the “relay attack.” This involves using two devices to amplify and relay the signal from the key fob, even when it’s located inside a house or far away from the car. One device is placed near the car, while the other is used to capture the fob’s signal. The signal is then amplified and transmitted to the car, tricking it into thinking the key fob is nearby and authorized to start the engine. This allows thieves to unlock and drive away with the vehicle without ever possessing the actual key. Relay attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and difficult to prevent.
Signal Jamming: Disrupting the Communication
Another technique involves jamming the signal that the key fob sends when the driver tries to lock the car. By using a device that emits a strong radio frequency, thieves can prevent the car from receiving the locking signal. This leaves the vehicle unlocked and vulnerable to theft of valuables or the entire car itself. Signal jamming is a relatively simple technique that can be highly effective.
Complexity Increases Hacking Opportunities
The increased complexity of push button start systems, with their reliance on software and wireless communication, inherently creates more opportunities for hacking and exploitation. As technology evolves, so too does the sophistication of cybercriminals. Automakers are constantly working to improve security measures, but the cat-and-mouse game continues.
Increased Risk of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
While seemingly unrelated to security, the push button start feature has been linked to an increased risk of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, particularly in cases where drivers unintentionally leave their cars running in a garage.
Forgetting to Turn Off the Engine
With traditional key ignitions, the physical act of removing the key serves as a reminder to turn off the engine. However, with push button start, drivers may become accustomed to simply exiting the vehicle without consciously shutting it down. This is especially true in situations where the car is parked in a quiet garage or when the driver is distracted.
Silent and Deadly: The Danger of CO
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels. It is extremely dangerous because it can quickly build up to lethal levels in enclosed spaces. Unintentionally leaving a car running in a garage can lead to fatal CO poisoning. The lack of a tactile reminder, coupled with the quiet operation of many modern vehicles, increases the risk of this tragic scenario.
Safety Features Not Always Reliable
Some vehicles equipped with push button start have safety features designed to automatically shut off the engine after a period of idling. However, these features may not always function reliably or may be overridden by certain conditions. Relying solely on these systems is not a substitute for manually checking to ensure the engine is turned off.
Potential for Battery Drain
Keyless ignition systems rely on a constant power draw to maintain communication between the key fob and the car. This can lead to battery drain, especially if the car is not driven regularly or if the key fob is stored too close to the vehicle.
Constant Communication Drain
The car’s receiver is always listening for the key fob’s signal, even when the car is parked and turned off. This constant communication drains the battery over time. While the drain is generally minimal, it can become significant if the car sits idle for extended periods, such as during vacations or periods of infrequent use.
Proximity Issues
If the key fob is stored too close to the car, the car may continuously attempt to communicate with it, further exacerbating battery drain. It is recommended to store the key fob at a distance from the car to minimize this issue.
Replacement Costs
Replacing a car battery can be expensive, and frequent replacements due to battery drain can become a significant inconvenience and financial burden. Older vehicles or vehicles with already stressed electrical systems are more susceptible to this issue.
Malfunctions and Electronic Failures
As with any electronic system, push button start systems are prone to malfunctions and failures. These failures can range from minor inconveniences to major problems that prevent the car from starting.
Sensor Issues
The system relies on various sensors to detect the presence of the key fob and to ensure that the brake pedal is depressed before starting the engine. Malfunctions in these sensors can prevent the car from starting, even if the key fob is present and the brake pedal is depressed.
Software Glitches
Software glitches can also cause problems with the push button start system. These glitches can sometimes be resolved by restarting the car or disconnecting and reconnecting the battery, but in other cases, they may require a trip to the dealership for reprogramming or repair.
Component Failure
The push button itself, as well as the associated electronic control unit (ECU), can fail over time. Component failure can be caused by wear and tear, exposure to extreme temperatures, or electrical surges. Replacing these components can be costly.
Reliance on Technology and Dependence
Push button start systems foster a reliance on technology that can be problematic in situations where the technology fails or becomes unavailable.
Lack of Physical Key Backup
While many keyless ignition systems include a hidden physical key as a backup, this key is often only for unlocking the door and not for starting the engine. This means that if the key fob battery dies or the system malfunctions, the driver may be stranded.
Dependence on Battery Power
The entire system relies on battery power. If the car battery is completely dead, the push button start system will not function, even with a fully charged key fob. This can be particularly problematic in emergency situations.
Loss of Familiarity with Traditional Keys
As push button start becomes more prevalent, drivers may lose familiarity with traditional key ignitions. This can be a disadvantage when driving older vehicles or in situations where a traditional key is required.
The Illusion of Added Convenience
While the initial appeal of push button start is convenience, the reality can sometimes be different. The potential for theft, CO poisoning, battery drain, and system malfunctions can outweigh the perceived benefits. Drivers should weigh the pros and cons carefully before choosing a vehicle with this feature.
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to embrace push button start technology is a personal one. Understanding the potential disadvantages, however, is essential for making an informed choice and for taking steps to mitigate the associated risks. The added convenience must be balanced against the potential security vulnerabilities and other drawbacks.
What is “keyless ignition” and how does it work?
Keyless ignition, also known as push-button start, is a system that allows you to start your car without using a physical key. Instead, it relies on a radio-frequency identification (RFID) or Bluetooth signal transmitted by a key fob. As long as the key fob is within a certain range of the car’s antenna, typically inside the cabin, the car will recognize its presence.
Once recognized, pressing a button on the dashboard or steering column activates the car’s starter motor, initiating the engine. Many systems also incorporate keyless entry, allowing you to unlock the doors simply by touching the door handle when the key fob is nearby. This offers convenience but also introduces potential vulnerabilities.
What is “roll-away” and how does keyless ignition contribute to it?
“Roll-away” refers to a situation where a vehicle unintentionally rolls away after the driver exits, often due to the vehicle not being properly placed in “Park.” Keyless ignition systems can inadvertently contribute to this issue because drivers may not realize the engine is still running when they exit the vehicle, especially since many electric and hybrid vehicles operate almost silently.
Traditional ignition systems require a physical key to be turned to the “off” position, providing a clear indication that the engine is shut down. With push-button start, drivers might simply push the button without verifying that the engine has completely stopped, leading to the vehicle rolling away if it’s not in “Park” or if the parking brake is not engaged. This risk is amplified in quieter, electric or hybrid models.
What is relay theft, and how does it exploit keyless ignition systems?
Relay theft is a type of car theft that exploits the radio signals emitted by key fobs used in keyless ignition systems. Thieves use devices called relay amplifiers to boost and rebroadcast the fob’s signal, tricking the car into thinking the key fob is nearby, even when it is not. This allows them to unlock and start the car without physically possessing the key.
The process involves two thieves: one standing near the car and another near the house or location where the key fob is stored. The thief near the key fob uses the relay amplifier to capture its signal and transmit it to the thief near the car. The car, detecting the seemingly legitimate signal, unlocks and allows the thief to start the engine and drive away, often within minutes.
What happens if the key fob battery dies while driving?
While it’s unlikely to leave you stranded mid-journey, a dead key fob battery can present challenges. Most vehicles with keyless ignition systems are designed to continue running once started, even if the key fob battery dies while driving. However, you won’t be able to restart the car once it’s turned off.
Typically, the dashboard will display a warning message indicating a low or no key fob battery. To restart the vehicle, you’ll usually need to use a backup method, such as holding the key fob against a specific location on the steering column or dashboard. Consult your owner’s manual for the specific procedure for your vehicle model, as the location and method vary.
Are there any health concerns associated with the radio frequencies emitted by keyless ignition systems?
The radio frequencies (RF) emitted by key fobs and the keyless ignition systems in cars have raised concerns about potential health risks. These systems use low-level radio waves to communicate, and some individuals worry about prolonged exposure to these frequencies. However, scientific studies on the health effects of RF exposure from these devices have generally concluded that the levels emitted are too low to pose a significant risk.
It’s important to note that key fobs only transmit signals intermittently, primarily when the car is being unlocked, started, or while being driven, further minimizing exposure. Regulatory agencies like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States set limits on RF emissions to ensure public safety. While long-term studies are ongoing, current evidence suggests that the RF exposure from keyless ignition systems is not a major health hazard.
How can I protect my car from relay theft?
Protecting your car from relay theft involves several strategies to block or disrupt the radio signals emitted by your key fob. A simple method is to store your key fob in a Faraday bag or signal-blocking pouch. These pouches are lined with a metallic material that blocks radio waves, preventing thieves from capturing and relaying the fob’s signal.
Another option is to keep your key fob away from doors and windows, as this makes it harder for thieves to capture the signal from outside your home. You can also consider disabling the keyless entry feature if your car allows it, forcing you to use the key manually. Furthermore, some car manufacturers offer software updates that improve the security of their keyless systems, so check with your dealer for available updates. Finally, investing in a car alarm system with advanced features like GPS tracking can also deter thieves.
Are older cars safer from theft compared to those with keyless ignition?
While older cars may not be susceptible to relay theft, they are not inherently safer from theft overall. Older vehicles often lack the sophisticated security features found in newer cars, making them vulnerable to more traditional theft methods, such as breaking into the car and hot-wiring the ignition. The absence of immobilizers and advanced alarm systems can make them easier targets.
Cars with keyless ignition, despite their relay theft vulnerability, often have additional layers of security, including sophisticated alarm systems, immobilizers, and tracking devices. These features can deter theft and aid in recovery if the car is stolen. Therefore, while older cars avoid the specific risk of relay theft, they may be more vulnerable to other, simpler forms of car theft due to their less advanced security systems.