The Toyota Supra has long been heralded as an automotive legend, especially in the world of performance and tuner cars. With its recent revival in 2020, the Supra has captivated car enthusiasts once again. However, amidst all the hype and excitement, a common question continues to circulate: Is the Supra single or twin turbo? This article aims to shed light on this query while diving deep into the design, technology, and philosophy behind the Supra’s turbocharging system.
We’ll explore:
- The turbocharging layout of different Supra generations.
- What sets single versus twin turbo systems apart.
- Technical details of the fifth-generation Toyota Supra’s engine.
- Performance implications and tuning potential.
- Concluding insights on turbo configuration and engine dynamics.
By the end of this article, you’ll have a complete understanding of the Supra’s turbo configuration and why this distinction matters for performance and driving experience.
Understanding Turbocharging: Single vs. Twin Turbo
Before addressing where the latest Supra fits in the single or twin turbo debate, it’s important to clarify the technical differences between the two systems.
Single turbocharging refers to a setup where one turbocharger is responsible for compressing the air that enters the engine. It’s often simpler and cost-effective but can suffer from lag—a delay in power delivery when accelerating.
On the other hand, twin turbochargers mean two separate turbochargers are used, either in parallel (each fed by a portion of the exhaust) or sequentially (with one operating at low RPM and the second kicking in as RPM increases). Twin turbos can provide improved power delivery, higher output, and better thermal efficiency in some cases.
The Evolution of the Toyota Supra
The Supra nameplate has seen five distinct generations, each with varying engine and turbocharging configurations.
First Generation (1978–1981)
The A40 and A50 series Supras were not true turbocharged models. Toyota equipped them with naturally aspirated inline-6 engines. Turbocharging had not yet entered the Supra fold.
Second Generation (1982–1986)
The A60 Supra still relied on naturally aspirated 5M-GE engines. Although slightly upgraded with more power, these Supras also did not offer a turbocharged variant.
Third Generation (1986–1992)
Toyota finally introduced forced induction with the iconic 7M-GTE inline-six engine. This was a single twin-scroll turbocharger, allowing for improved scavenging and smoother power delivery compared to a standard single turbo setup.
Key Specifications of the 7M-GTE:
- Engine displacement: 3.0L (2,954 cc)
- Power: 230 HP (NA) to 280 HP (turbocharged, Japanese Spec)
- Configuration: DOHC inline-6, intercooled
- Aspiration: Turbocharged
Fourth Generation (1993–2002)
The A80 Supra is perhaps the most iconic, thanks to its “Gran Turismo”, Fast and Furious fame. This generation’s 2JZ-GTE engine was a notable evolution.
Key Turbo Details of the 2JZ-GTE:
- Engine configuration: 3.0L DOHC inline-6.
- Aspiration setup: Twin-turbocharged (two parallel small turbos).
- Power: 320 HP factory (Japanese spec).
- Design philosophy: Designed to reduce turbo lag and offer high tuning potential.
The 2JZ-GTE was a twin-turbo setup where both turbos activated simultaneously post around 4,000 RPM. It wasn’t truly sequential, but both turbos were bolted to a cast exhaust manifold with separate turbine housings—effectively making it a parallel twin-turbo engine.
This marked the Supra’s peak performance legacy.
Fifth Generation (2020–Present)
The much-anticipated return of the Supra saw the introduction of the A90 platform. But here’s where the confusion sets in.
Engine Overview – B58 Inline-6:
- Engine displacement: 3.0L (2,998 cc)
- Power outputs:
- Standard Supra: 335–382 HP (varies by trim/market)
- Manufacturer: BMW (shared with Z4 M40i)
- Aspiration system: Single turbocharger (twin-scroll)
That answers the core question succinctly. The modern, fifth-generation Toyota Supra uses a single twin-scroll turbocharger on its B58 engine, not twin turbos like the classic 2JZ-GTE.
Why the Supra Now Uses a Single Turbo (B58 Engine)
Toyota’s latest Supra was developed in close collaboration with BMW, a partnership that also birthed the current Z4. As part of this alliance, Toyota adopted BMW’s 3.0L B58 engine. Understanding the advantages of this setup will clear up any confusion.
The B58 Engine Platform: BMW’s Modern Performance Standard
Built in Munich, the B58 is noted for its robustness, balance, and compatibility with various turbo configurations. Toyota’s engineers did not opt for a twin-turbo setup this time—mostly because there was no need.
Key B58 Engine Turbo Characteristics:
| Feature | Description |
|——–|————-|
| Turbo Type | Single Twin-Scroll |
| Manufacturer | BorgWarner |
| Peak Torque Range | ~1,600 RPM |
| Spool Time | Exceptionally fast due to compact design |
| Turbine Design | Designed to reduce flow turbulence |
Modern engineering, specifically in air flow dynamics and electronics, allowed the single twin-scroll turbo to closely match the performance characteristics once only possible through dual turbos.
Benefits of a Twin-Scroll Turbo
A twin-scroll turbo functions differently from a traditional single turbo. The exhaust manifold is divided into two separate channels, feeding two inlets on the turbine housing.
This design provides two distinct advantages:
- Reduced exhaust gas interference, which enhances pulse scavenging and spool efficiency.
- Superior low-end torque and quicker throttle response than traditional single turbos.
Thus, while the modern Supra does not feature a “twin-turbo” system in the classic sense, it employs a modern, highly effective variation that narrows the performance gap between a twin-turbo V6 and a high-tech inline-6.
Power Delivery and Performance
The current Supra models with the B58 engine are not just quick—they’re engineered for consistent, usable power throughout the rev range.
Performance Stats of the Supra A90 (2020+) with 3.0L Engine:
| Trim | Engine | Power | Torque | 0-60 mph |
|——|——–|——-|——–|———|
| Supra 3.0 | B58 | 335 HP | 365 lb-ft | 4.1 – 4.3 sec |
| Supra 3.0 Premium | B58 | 382 HP* | 368 lb-ft | ~3.8 sec |
| Supra GR | B58 | 400 HP | 369 lb-ft | 3.5 sec |
*Tuned output through software or hardware upgrades in high-performance variants like the GR.
These figures rival traditional twin-turbo applications, thanks in part to the modern turbocharger’s efficiency.
How Does This Compare to the Classic 2JZ-GTE Twin Turbo Engine?
To understand if the shift to a single (yet twin-scroll) turbo was a downgrade, it’s helpful to compare it to the Supra’s legendary engine.
Key Differences Between B58 and 2JZ-GTE
| Aspect | 2JZ-GTE (A80) | B58 (A90) |
|---|---|---|
| Turbochargers | Twin turbos (parallel, non-sequential) | Single twin-scroll |
| Displacement | 3.0L (2,997 cc) | 3.0L (2,998 cc) |
| Peak HP | 320 HP (stock) | 335–382 HP (stock), up to 400 HP (GR) |
| Turbo Spool Time | ~4,000 RPM (both kick in simultaneously) | ~1,600 RPM (single turbo optimized response) |
| Engine Type | Naturally robust cast iron block, oil-cooled | Aluminum block with closed-deck design, higher-flow head |
From a strictly statistical standpoint, the modern engine has superior numbers. But the true character of each Supra lives in how the power is delivered.
Differential “Feel” of Power Delivery
The 2JZ-GTE was loved for its mid-range punch and linear surge upon turbo activation. It gave off an unmistakable “switch” sensation once torque delivery hit after 4,000 RPM.
In contrast, the B58 engine delivers a more modern, refined experience. With early spool and a flat torque curve, the power feels glued to the wheels earlier. Turbo lag is virtually nonexistent.
So, even though the Supra A90 features a single turbocharger, it doesn’t feel lacking in any way. It trades raw charisma (which the 2JZ was famous for) for smoother, more accessible performance.
Can You Upgrade the Supra A90 to a Twin Turbo System?
Many enthusiasts wonder: is it possible to retrofit a twin-turbo system on the latest Supra?
Technical Challenges
-
Space limitations: The engine bay layout of the current Supra doesn’t easily accommodate two turbos. BMW’s compact front-engine/rear-drive setup was not designed for multiple forced-induction units.
-
Custom manifold and mounting: For twin turbos, a complete manifold redesign is necessary to split exhaust pulses efficiently across both turbos.
-
ECU calibration complexity: Managing two turbos adds another layer of complexity in tuning and boost control.
Current Aftermarket Solutions
While twin-turbo conversions remain exotic and niche in the A90 Supra world, numerous performance mods exist to enhance the B58’s output:
- Tuned ECU: Offers significant gains, sometimes pushing the engine from 335 HP to 450+.
- Upgraded turbos: Replacing the standard BorgWarner unit with a larger one for higher PSI output.
- Hybrid turbos and compressors: Popular for those chasing over 600 HP on pump fuel.
Some tuning shops like G-Power and Manhart offer aggressive versions of the Z4 Supra’s chassis with outputs surpassing 700 HP—through large single turbo setups.
Thus, while twin-turbo conversions remain rare, power is easily scalable with proper engineering and tuning.
Concluding Insights: Is the Supra Still a Performance Icon Without Twin Turbos?
Yes, the Supra remains an icon, regardless of whether it features a single or twin turbo system. The shift to a single twin-scroll turbocharger (on the B58 engine) doesn’t take anything away from its legitimacy. In fact, it enhances real-world drivability and consistency.
What the Shift to Single Turbo Signifies
- A move towards modern performance: Efficiency, emissions compliance, and smooth power delivery matter more than ever in the 21st century.
- Collaboration over tradition: Toyota’s partnership with BMW has given us a Supra that respects heritage but embraces innovation from both brands.
- Still a tuners’ playground: As we’ve seen with both the original Supras and modern turbo platforms, engineering a car with tune-friendly internals is more important than the configuration count.
The new Supra is not a replacement for the A80—it’s its own thing.
What This Means for Enthusiasts
Understanding the turbo system is part of the larger appreciation of modern high-performance cars. Whether it’s twin turbos, a single twin-scroll turbo, or even electric powertrains, the goal is consistent: delivering an unforgettable driving experience.
And in that goal, the Toyota Supra succeeds, turbo configuration aside.
Final Thoughts
So, is the Supra single or twin turbo?
The fifth-generation Supra powered by the B58 engine utilizes a single twin-scroll turbocharger. Though it lacks the classic twin turbo setup of the older MKIV Supra, it offers benefits through more refined engineering, quicker spool, and impressive power delivery.
Whether you’re chasing nostalgia with the twin-turbo 2JZ or exploring the upgraded potentials of the B58, the Toyota Supra remains relevant and exciting. The debate between single vs. twin turbo systems is far from black and white, and each presents its own set of merits.
What matters more is the thrill behind the wheel—and the Supra continues to deliver that, whether it’s forced by one turbo or two.
Is the Toyota Supra single or twin turbo?
The Toyota Supra (A90 generation) features a single twin-scroll turbocharger on its 3.0-liter inline-six engine. This means it is not equipped with two separate turbochargers (twin-turbo), but rather one turbo that is divided internally into two separate channels to optimize exhaust gas flow and reduce turbo lag. Toyota’s design choice leverages BMW’s B58 engine technology, which is known for its performance and reliability when paired with this type of turbo setup.
Having a single twin-scroll turbo provides a good balance of power delivery, efficiency, and packaging efficiency within the engine bay. It allows the Supra to produce 382 horsepower and 368 lb-ft of torque in its GR Supra 3.0 variant. Though some aftermarket tuners have explored twin-turbo setups for increased performance, the factory configuration remains a single, high-efficiency turbocharger that supports the Supra’s performance-oriented character.
What is the difference between single turbo and twin turbo systems?
A single turbo system uses one turbocharger to force more air into the engine, increasing power output. This design is generally simpler, lighter, and easier to maintain, while still offering strong power gains. Single turbo setups can be fine-tuned for high performance and are often used in factory-produced performance cars due to their cost-effectiveness and compact design.
Twin turbo systems, on the other hand, use two turbochargers, which can either operate in parallel (each handling a portion of the cylinders) or sequentially (one for low RPM and another for high RPM). These setups can reduce turbo lag and provide more power at higher engine speeds, making them a popular choice for high-horsepower applications. However, such systems are more complex, heavier, and often more expensive, especially when used in OEM applications.
Why did Toyota choose a single twin-scroll turbo for the Supra?
Toyota chose a single twin-scroll turbo for the A90 Supra due to its superior responsiveness and packaging advantages. Twin-scroll turbo technology splits the exhaust gases into two separate inlets, improving the scavenging effect and optimizing airflow into the turbine. This allows for improved spool-up time and reduced turbo lag, which are essential for a sports car focused on delivering sharp driving dynamics and immediate throttle response.
Additionally, using a single turbo simplifies the exhaust system and reduces manufacturing costs, while still enabling the Supra to produce strong performance figures right from the factory. This design also makes future tuning easier, as many enthusiasts prefer starting with a single, robust turbocharger rather than dealing with the intricacies of a factory twin-turbo setup. Toyota’s partnership with BMW in developing the GR Supra’s powertrain further influenced this decision, as the B58 engine is already optimized for a single twin-scroll turbo configuration.
Does the Supra have any turbo-related reliability issues?
The Toyota GR Supra’s turbocharged engine has not shown widespread reliability concerns, especially when properly maintained and driven within normal conditions. Its reliance on BMW’s well-regarded B58 engine platform contributes to its robustness. The single twin-scroll turbo system is designed for longevity and thermal efficiency, allowing it to perform reliably under standard driving and even mild performance modifications.
However, like any high-performance turbo engine, excessive modifications without proper supporting upgrades can stress the turbo and engine components. Issues like oil contamination, poor maintenance, or overheating from aggressive tuning may lead to premature wear. Sticking to recommended service intervals and using quality fluids can help ensure the turbo continues to operate reliably throughout the vehicle’s lifespan.
Can the Supra’s turbo system be upgraded or modified?
Yes, the Supra’s single twin-scroll turbo system can be upgraded through various aftermarket solutions. Many tuners offer larger single turbos or complete twin-turbo kits to significantly boost performance beyond factory levels. These upgrades are aimed at increasing horsepower and improving throttle response, especially for those looking to push the Supra into much higher performance territory. Supporting modifications like intercoolers, exhaust systems, and ECU tuning are typically required alongside any forced-induction upgrade.
Aftermarket tuning companies have also found the B58 engine to be highly adaptable, making the Supra a favorite among performance enthusiasts. By retaining a single turbo setup but increasing its size or efficiency, tuners can achieve significant gains with fewer complications than in twin-turbo conversions. Both approaches—larger singles or twin-turbo setups—provide a pathway for more aggressive driving styles, track performance, or drag racing ambitions.
What are the benefits of a twin-scroll turbo?
A twin-scroll turbo offers several key benefits over a single-scroll design by separating the engine’s exhaust gas pulses into two distinct channels. This separation helps to prevent interference between exhaust pulses, improving turbine efficiency and reducing backpressure. The result is faster turbo spooling and reduced turbo lag, which enhances throttle response and makes the power delivery feel more linear and immediate—especially important in a high-performance sports car like the Supra.
Another benefit of a twin-scroll turbo is the improved scavenging effect, where exhaust gases from one cylinder help to draw out exhaust from another. This optimizes airflow through the engine and contributes to more complete combustion and better overall performance. While more complex than traditional single-scroll layouts, twin-scroll turbos provide a compelling balance of efficiency and performance that aligns well with modern engine goals for responsiveness and power output.
How does the Supra’s turbo affect its driving experience?
The Supra’s turbocharged engine, with its single twin-scroll turbo, delivers a driving experience that blends strong acceleration with linear power delivery. The reduced turbo lag makes it feel more like a naturally aspirated engine in terms of responsiveness, while still offering the torque and horsepower benefits of forced induction. This allows drivers to confidently apply throttle mid-corner or during quick transitions, enhancing the car’s overall dynamic capabilities.
Additionally, the turbo setup contributes to the Supra’s refined performance character, providing smooth and predictable power throughout the RPM range. Combined with its rear-wheel-drive layout, well-tuned suspension, and excellent weight distribution, the turbocharged engine plays a key role in making the Supra feel agile, fast, and engaging on both the street and track. This makes the GR Supra a compelling choice for enthusiasts who want a modern, high-performance sports car that’s easy to drive and fun to push hard.