Maintaining optimal tire pressure is vital for safe and efficient driving. One of the key components in modern vehicles ensuring tire health is the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and warn you when a tire becomes underinflated, potentially preventing dangerous blowouts and improving fuel efficiency.
However, like any vehicle component, TPMS sensors aren’t immune to wear and tear. Over time, they can fail due to battery depletion, corrosion, or physical damage. So, how do you know if you need new TPMS sensors? In this article, we’ll guide you through the signs, causes, and best practices when it comes to TPMS sensor replacement.
Understanding TPMS Sensors
Before diving into the signs of failure, it’s important to understand what TPMS sensors are and how they function.
What Is a TPMS Sensor?
A TPMS sensor is a small electronic device located inside each wheel that measures tire pressure and transmits real-time data to your vehicle’s onboard computer system. When the pressure drops below a safe level—typically when it’s 25% below the manufacturer’s recommended level—the system alerts the driver via a dashboard warning light, often represented by a symbol that resembles a cross-section of a tire with an exclamation mark inside.
Types of TPMS Sensors
There are two main types of TPMS systems:
- Direct TPMS: Uses individual pressure sensors mounted inside each wheel. This system is more precise and provides real-time readings for each tire.
- Indirect TPMS: Works by using the wheel speed sensors from the anti-lock braking system (ABS) to detect when a tire is underinflated based on rotational speed differences. This system is less accurate and may require re-calibration after tire changes or rotations.
Most modern vehicles are equipped with direct TPMS systems, which means they utilize internal sensors for each tire.
Signs You Need New TPMS Sensors
Knowing when your TPMS needs replacement can help maintain vehicle performance and avoid unnecessary wear on your tires. Here are the most common signs that your TPMS sensors are failing.
1. TPMS Warning Light Stays On
The most obvious indicator of a TPMS issue is a persistent TPMS warning light. If the light comes on and doesn’t turn off after you’ve inflated your tires to the recommended pressure, it could mean the sensors aren’t working properly.
Pro Tip: Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual to determine the correct tire pressure for your specific make and model. If you’ve adjusted the pressure and the light remains on, sensor failure is likely.
2. Faulty or Inconsistent Readings
If your TPMS system is giving strange readings—like indicating low pressure in a tire that looks visibly fine or fluctuating between normal and low pressure—you might have a faulty sensor.
Symptoms include:
- The warning light turns on and off sporadically.
- Readings for individual tires are missing or incorrect.
This could be due to a weak sensor battery or communication issues between the sensor and your car’s system.
3. Recent Tire Replacement or Rotation
TPMS sensors are often overlooked during tire replacements or wheel rotations. If you just changed tires and your vehicle’s TPMS system is acting up, it might require reinitialization or recalibration.
In some cases, especially if new wheels don’t come with sensors or the original sensors are old, you may need to replace TPMS sensors altogether.
4. Battery Failure in the Sensor
TPMS sensors rely on small internal batteries, typically with a life span of 5 to 10 years. If your vehicle has over 8 years on the odometer and you’ve noticed issues with tire pressure alerts, it might be time to replace the TPMS sensors due to depleted batteries.
Battery replacement is not an option in most sensors; the entire unit needs to be replaced.
5. Corrosion or Damage
The sensors are usually mounted on the wheel’s valve stem or as part of an internal assembly. Over time, especially in harsh climates or areas that use road salt, the sensors can corrode or be damaged during tire changes.
If you notice rust around the valve stem or if a sensor falls apart during tire maintenance, it’s an obvious sign of needed replacements.
6. Seasonal Changes Triggering False Alerts
TPMS sensors can be sensitive to temperature changes. As temperatures drop in the winter, tire pressure decreases naturally. However, if your TPMS light flashes on and off with seasonal changes despite maintaining proper pressure, it may indicate that the sensors are not responding correctly to environmental changes.
Why TPMS Sensors Fail
Understanding why TPMS sensors fail can help you prevent premature issues and extend their lifespan.
Battery Depletion
As previously mentioned, TPMS sensors operate on internal lithium-ion batteries. These have a finite life span. Once the battery drains, the sensor can no longer transmit data. Battery life is also affected by how frequently the sensor sends out data—more frequent checks can drain the battery faster.
Corrosion
Tires are subjected to all road conditions. Salt, moisture, and dirt can corrode the sensor, especially if it’s built into the valve stem. Corrosion can disrupt signal transmission and lead to inaccurate readings.
Damage During Installation or Maintenance
Improper tire installation or careless handling during repairs can damage TPMS sensors. Mechanics sometimes remove sensors quickly without following recommended procedures, leading to wear or breakage.
Signal Interference or Communication Errors
Modern vehicles rely on wireless signals between the sensors and the central computer. If the vehicle’s receiver or the sensor’s transmitter malfunctions, communication is disrupted, leading to warning lights and false readings.
Aging Components
Sensors have moving parts and electronics that degrade over time. As the vehicle accumulates mileage, especially if frequently driven on rough roads, the sensors endure stress that leads to wear.
Should I Replace My TPMS Sensors?
There’s a common misconception among car owners that TPMS sensors are optional or can be ignored once tires are checked manually. In fact, replacing faulty TPMS sensors is crucial for both safety and legal reasons.
Safety Considerations
Maintaining proper tire pressure is directly linked to safe driving. Underinflated tires can lead to:
- Reduced traction and handling
- Increased braking distances
- Higher risk of tire blowouts
- Improved hydroplaning risk in wet conditions
A properly functioning TPMS gives you early warnings to correct pressure before these dangers become real.
Legal Requirements
In the United States, the Tire Pressure Monitoring System was mandated in all new passenger vehicles under the TREAD Act starting from 2007. Failing to maintain a working TPMS can result in inspection failures and may void warranties on newer cars.
Fuel Efficiency and Tire Longevity
Did you know that underinflated tires can reduce gas mileage by up to 3%? Proper tire pressure extends tire life and helps you save money in the long run. TPMS ensures your tires remain in optimal condition with minimal manual oversight.
Timing TPMS Sensor Replacement
Knowing when to replace TPMS sensors helps you avoid sudden failures and maintain system reliability.
Common Intervals for Replacement
While TPMS sensors can last up to 10 years, it’s common for them to start failing around 5 to 7 years of use. Many auto experts recommend replacing them when you install a new set of tires, particularly if your current sensors are older than 5 years.
With Tire Replacement
It’s cost-effective to replace TPMS sensors when you’re changing your tires. Not only does this reduce labor costs, but it also ensures the entire system is in good working condition alongside your new tires.
Preventative Maintenance
Regular TPMS system inspections should be part of your vehicle maintenance schedule. Have them checked when you rotate your tires or during annual inspections. Early detection can prevent breakdowns and costly repairs.
How to Diagnose TPMS Sensor Issues
If you suspect an issue with your TPMS sensors, you can perform a few checks to determine if a sensor replacement is necessary.
Manual Pressure Checks
Use a tire pressure gauge to check all four tires manually. If the readings are consistent with the recommended levels but the TPMS warning light remains on, there’s likely a sensor issue.
Scan for Error Codes
Many advanced OBD-II scanners (car diagnostic tools) can also read TPMS-specific error codes. These can tell you if a sensor has failed, doesn’t have a signal, or is broadcasting incorrect pressure information.
Check the Battery Life Indicator
Some vehicles with built-in TPMS displays will show when a sensor battery is low. If yours includes this feature, pay attention to those notifications—they are clear indicators that replacement is due.
Perform a Sensor Test
Specialized TPMS diagnostic tools can test individual sensors. These are typically used by automotive service centers to check for a signal or correct operation from each sensor.
Cost of Replacing TPMS Sensors
The cost of replacing TPMS sensors can vary depending on vehicle type, the number of sensors, and labor rates. Here’s a general breakdown:
Average Cost Per Sensor
| Vehicle Type | Average Price per Sensor | Labor Cost | Total Estimate |
|——————|————————–|——————–|—————-|
| Domestic Cars | $50–$90 | $20–$40 | $70–$130 |
| Import Cars | $60–$100 | $25–$50 | $85–$150 |
| Luxury or EV | $100–$200 | $30–$60 | $130–$260 |
Total System Replacement
Replacing all four TPMS sensors can cost between $280 and $1,000. Prices increase for high-end models like BMWs, Teslas, or Mercedes-Benz vehicles due to specialized parts and programming needs.
Warranty and Extended Coverage
Some TPMS sensors come with limited warranties of 1 to 2 years. Also, certain manufacturers or dealers may offer extended TPMS coverage with a full service package or as part of tire installation.
DIY vs. Professional TPMS Replacement
When it comes to TPMS replacements, vehicle owners often weigh the pros and cons of DIY versus taking the car to a professional mechanic.
DIY Replacement Considerations
If you’re mechanically inclined and have the right tools, you can replace TPMS sensors yourself. Kits are available online, and installation only requires basic mechanical knowledge. However, it involves working with delicate components and often requires re-training the sensors afterward.
Pros:
- Saves on labor costs
- Can be a one-time investment
Cons:
- Requires proper tools
- Time-consuming
- Risk of damaging sensors or tires
- May void some warranties if not factory-issued
Going to a Professional
Most tire shops and dealerships offer TPMS services when installing new tires. A professional ensures sensors are installed correctly and relearned into the vehicle system—critical for most modern vehicles.
Pros:
- Quick and accurate
- Warranty on parts and labor
- No specialized tools required
Cons:
- Higher cost due to labor
- Potential upselling
Bottom Line: Although DIY is possible, most drivers are better off having the sensors replaced by professionals to ensure correct operation and avoid future issues.
How to Extend the Life of TPMS Sensors
You can maximize the performance and lifespan of your TPMS sensors with proper maintenance practices.
Regular Tire Maintenance
Keep your tires inflated at the correct pressure. Underinflated tires reduce your margin for error with the TPMS readings and can lead to more wear on the sensors due to excessive flexing and heat.
Check Sensors During Tire Changes
Whenever you rotate or replace tires, ask that your TPMS sensors be inspected. Simple checks during tire service can prevent potential sensor failure.
Avoid Road Hazards
Damaged sensors are often caused by hitting curbs or debris on the roadway. Be cautious while driving and have sensors checked if you suspect any impact damage.
Keep Sensors Dry and Clean
Corrosion is a major cause of TPMS sensor failure, particularly in areas where salt is used during winter. Use valve stem caps and occasionally clean the sensors if you live in a cold climate.
Conclusion: Know When to Say Goodbye to Old TPMS Sensors
Your TPMS sensors are more than just dashboard indicators—they’re essential for maintaining safety, tire longevity, and fuel efficiency. Recognizing the signs of sensor failure early on can prevent expensive repairs, breakdowns, or even road accidents.
If you observe persistent warning lights, inconsistent readings, or if it’s been more than 7 years since your last TPMS check, it may be time for new TPMS sensors. Whether you choose to replace them yourself or through a mechanic, the investment is worth the long-term benefits and peace of mind.
Remember that consistent maintenance and a proactive approach to TPMS health will ensure your vehicle continues to perform at its best, keep your family safe, and even save you money at the gas pump. Don’t ignore those little tire readings—your TPMS is your tire’s first responder, and it deserves your attention.
Staying on top of TPMS sensor issues isn’t just smart—it’s essential for every responsible vehicle owner.
What are TPMS sensors and why are they important?
TPMS stands for Tire Pressure Monitoring System. These sensors are located in each tire and are responsible for monitoring the air pressure in your vehicle’s tires. When the pressure drops below the recommended level, the TPMS sends a signal to your car’s dashboard, typically activating a warning light. This system is crucial for maintaining proper tire inflation, which enhances vehicle safety, improves fuel efficiency, and extends the life of your tires by preventing uneven wear.
Ignoring TPMS warnings can lead to dangerous driving conditions, such as reduced traction, increased braking distance, and a higher risk of a blowout. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that underinflated tires contribute to thousands of crashes annually. Because of their importance, TPMS sensors must be in good working condition to ensure your safety on the road and compliance with federal safety regulations.
How can I tell if my TPMS sensors are failing?
One of the first signs of a failing TPMS sensor is the illumination of the TPMS warning light on your dashboard, even when your tires are properly inflated. This light should turn off once you’ve maintained the correct tire pressure. If it stays on, flickers intermittently, or comes on and off at random, it may indicate a problem with the sensor rather than the actual tire pressure. It’s also possible to experience incorrect readings, where one or more tires are shown as underinflated when they are not.
Another sign of TPMS failure can be difficulty in resetting the system after tire maintenance. Additionally, older TPMS sensors have batteries that can die over time—usually after 5 to 10 years. If you notice the battery warning light or if your TPMS needs frequent recalibration, that could signal a need for replacement. Since sensors are located inside the tire, exposure to road hazards or corrosion can also damage them over time.
Can I drive with a faulty TPMS sensor?
Technically, you can drive with a faulty TPMS sensor, but it is not advisable. Without a functioning TPMS, you lose real-time information about your tire pressure, which can affect your vehicle’s handling and safety. You may unknowingly drive on underinflated tires, increasing your risk of a flat tire, reduced fuel efficiency, and potential tire failure. In some areas, a malfunctioning TPMS may also cause your vehicle to fail state inspections.
If the TPMS light comes on and remains on despite properly inflated tires, it’s worth getting the system checked by a certified technician. If diagnosed with a faulty sensor, replacing it not only maintains safety but can also save on long-term fuel costs and tire wear. Although you can drive temporarily with a malfunctioning TPMS, ignoring the issue leaves you vulnerable to avoidable risks.
How often should TPMS sensors be replaced?
TPMS sensors typically last between 5 to 10 years, depending on the type and brand. The primary reason for replacement is battery failure, which can occur gradually over time. Since the sensors are part of the tire valve assembly, they can also be affected by corrosion, dirt, or damage caused by road debris. Most sensor failures are detected when the battery dies or the hardware gets damaged during tire rotations or replacements.
If you’re replacing tires or upgrading wheels, it’s a wise time to inspect or service the TPMS sensors. Many automotive service centers recommend replacing the sensors once their batteries begin to wear, to avoid unexpected malfunctions. While there’s no fixed timeline for replacement, regular maintenance check-ups with a professional mechanic will help you determine if your sensors are still in good working condition or due for replacement.
Are TPMS sensors covered under warranty?
TPMS sensors typically come with manufacturer warranties, though the coverage length varies. Most TPMS sensors carry a 1- to 2-year warranty from the date of purchase, but original equipment from the vehicle maker may offer broader coverage. It’s important to check the warranty details with either the auto manufacturer or the part supplier to understand whether it includes parts, labor, or other services.
In cases where your vehicle is under a comprehensive factory warranty, TPMS sensors may or may not be included. It’s best to confirm with your dealership’s service department whether TPMS maintenance or replacement is covered. Warranties for TPMS sensors often exclude damage caused by external factors like road hazards or improper installation. Investing in a separate warranty or service contract when replacing sensors could be beneficial for long-term costs.
Can I replace TPMS sensors myself?
Yes, you can replace TPMS sensors yourself, but it requires specific tools and knowledge. Each sensor is located inside the tire, so the process involves removing the tire from the wheel rim to access it. This requires a tire iron, torque wrench, and possibly a TPMS tool capable of reading and programming the new sensors. Additionally, there may be calibration required afterward to ensure the sensors communicate with your vehicle’s computer system.
If you lack the experience or tools, it’s safer to have a professional mechanic or licensed technician handle the task. Incorrect installation can result in improper readings or damage to the wheel, tire, or sensor itself. Some vehicles also require reinitializing the TPMS after sensor replacement, which may involve a scan tool or following complex onboard procedures. While DIY replacement can save money, improper installation may lead to costlier damages or safety hazards.
How much does it cost to replace TPMS sensors?
The cost of replacing TPMS sensors can vary widely depending on the vehicle make, model, and the sensor type. On average, individual TPMS sensors range from $50 to $100 each, and many vehicles require four sensors in total. Labor costs can add another $20 to $50 per sensor, depending on the complexity of the installation and the rates of the service center. Therefore, budgeting between $250 and $600 for a full TPMS sensor replacement is reasonable.
Some vehicles use proprietary TPMS that can only be accessed through a dealership, which can increase the cost. Aftermarket TPMS sensors are often a more affordable alternative and provide similar functionality. It’s also worth considering that delaying TPMS replacement can increase long-term costs, from higher fuel consumption or premature tire wear. When you factor in safety and vehicle performance, TPMS replacement is an important investment that should not be overlooked.