Changing a wheel bearing is often seen as a challenging automotive repair job, reserved for professionals with advanced tools and experience. However, with the right knowledge, tools, and safety precautions, many car owners wonder: Can I change my wheel bearing myself? The short answer is yes—you absolutely can.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know to successfully replace a wheel bearing on your own. From understanding the role of wheel bearings to identifying signs of failure, gathering tools, selecting the right parts, and finishing with the proper installation steps, this article is tailored for DIYers with varying skill levels.
What Is a Wheel Bearing and What Does It Do?
Before diving into the “how” of changing a wheel bearing, it’s essential to understand the “why.” Wheel bearings are crucial components of your vehicle’s suspension system. They allow the wheels to rotate smoothly with minimal friction while supporting the weight of the entire vehicle.
Typically, wheel bearings are found inside the hub assembly where the wheel mounts onto the axle. Modern vehicles often feature sealed hub bearing units that are pre-assembled, while older cars use tapered roller bearings that can be disassembled and greased. Both types serve the same purpose: to ensure a smooth, safe ride.
Types of Wheel Bearings
- Ball Bearings: Simple and durable, often used in lighter vehicles.
- Roller Bearings: Handle heavier loads, typically found in SUVs and trucks.
- Tapered Roller Bearings: Provide support for both radial and axial loads.
- Sealed Hub Units: Modern, pre-assembled, non-serviceable units, common on late-model cars.
Signs of a Failing Wheel Bearing
Recognizing a bad wheel bearing early can prevent further damage to your vehicle. Pay attention to these warning signs:
Unusual Noises From the Wheels
If you hear a grinding, growling, or humming noise that increases with vehicle speed or when turning, it’s likely a failing wheel bearing. The sound is often mistaken for tire noise, but it typically changes with direction or speed.
Vibration in the Steering Wheel
A damaged wheel bearing can cause steering wheel shaking or vibration, especially at higher speeds. This occurs due to uneven rotation of the wheel caused by increased play in a worn bearing.
ABS and Check Engine Light Activation
Modern vehicles use sensors integrated into the hub assembly. A faulty wheel bearing could trigger the ABS and traction control systems, leading to dashboard warning lights.
Play or Wobble in the Wheel
A simple inspection involves lifting the vehicle and checking for wheel wobble. If the tire moves side-to-side when grabbed at 12 and 6 o’clock, it’s a sign of worn bearings.
Is Replacing a Wheel Bearing a DIY-Friendly Task?
The answer depends on the type of vehicle and the type of bearing used. For example:
- Sealed Hub Units: Generally easier to replace. Depending on your vehicle’s make and model, you may need few specialty tools and basic mechanical skills.
- Tapered Roller Bearings: More involved as these require disassembly, cleaning, greasing, and proper reinstallation. These demand higher mechanical expertise and patience.
The key factors determining success in a DIY wheel bearing change include mechanical skill level, available tools, access to service manuals, and time.
What You’ll Need Before Starting
Before diving into the actual work, gather the tools and parts needed.
Tools Required
- Lug wrench or tire iron
- Breaker bar
- Socket set
- Jack and jack stands
- Torque wrench
- Hammer
- Puller (for some vehicles)
- Anti-seize compound
- Grease gun (if applicable)
- Safety glasses and gloves
Parts You May Need
- Replacement wheel bearing (hub assembly or bearings and seals)
- Bearing grease
- New hardware (if needed)
Step-by-Step: How to Change a Wheel Bearing
This guide assumes you’re replacing a standard sealed hub unit. If your vehicle uses tapered bearings, the process will involve careful inspection, cleaning, and reassembly.
Step 1: Identify the Faulty Wheel
Drive the vehicle carefully and note if the noise changes during turns. If the hum increases when turning left, the faulty bearing is likely on the right – and vice versa. Confirm by inspecting for wheel play.
Step 2: Prepare Your Workspace
Ensure you have a flat, stable surface and that your vehicle is properly supported. Use proper lifting tools and always secure the car with jack stands even if you’re using a floor jack.
Step 3: Loosen the Lug Nuts Before Lifting
Using a lug wrench, slightly loosen the lug nuts while the vehicle is still on the ground. This makes removal easier after lifting.
Step 4: Jack Up the Vehicle
Carefully jack the vehicle at the appropriate jacking point. Place jack stands under a sturdy frame point and lower the vehicle onto them. Double-check the security before working underneath.
Step 5: Remove the Wheel
Once the lug nuts are loosened and the tire is off the ground, remove them completely and take the wheel off.
Step 6: Remove the Brake Caliper and Rotor
On many vehicles, the rotor needs to be removed to access the hub bolts. You’ll need to unbolt the caliper and suspend it with a wire or bungee cord to keep pressure off the brake line.
Step 7: Remove the Hub Assembly
In many cases, especially with front wheels, the hub will be bolted to the spindle. Remove the bolts and gently tap the hub to loosen it if necessary. On rear applications, it may press into the knuckle, requiring a bearing puller.
Step 8: Install the New Hub Unit
Align the new bearing hub with the mounting holes and install the bolts. Tighten to factory torque specifications using a torque wrench. It’s important not to over-torque, as this can damage threads or warp brake rotors later on.
Step 9: Reassemble Components
- Reinstall rotor and caliper
- Reattach brake hoses if necessary
- Replace the wheel
- Tighten lug nuts in a star pattern to the proper torque
Step 10: Test Your Work
Before taking your vehicle on a long drive, take it for a short test run. Listen for unusual noises, check for vibration, and ensure proper braking performance.
Common Mistakes to Avoid During DIY Wheel Bearing Replacement
Even seasoned DIY mechanics can run into issues when replacing wheel bearings. Here are some key pitfalls and how to avoid them:
Use of Improper Tools
Avoid using inappropriate or damaged tools. In particular, a faulty breaker bar or incorrect sockets can strip bolts or cause injury.
Incorrect Torque Settings
Over-torquing hub bolts or lug nuts can lead to warped brake rotors and premature bearing failure. Always refer to the manufacturer’s torque specifications and use a torque wrench.
Reusing Old Components
Especially with older bearing types, replacing seals and adjusting pre-load is critical. Reusing worn components can negate all your efforts.
Misdiagnosing the Problem
Before diving into replacing wheel bearings, make sure the noise isn’t coming from the transmission, CV joints, or driveshaft. A proper diagnosis saves time and money.
Not Properly Supporting the Vehicle
Working under a vehicle held up only by a jack is dangerous. Always place jack stands under the frame and confirm they are secure before beginning work.
Tips for Success When Replacing Wheel Bearings
Here are valuable tips that can make your DIY wheel bearing replacement experience more efficient and successful.
1. Study Your Vehicle’s Manual
Every vehicle is different. Before starting, check your repair manual (Haynes, Chilton, or factory service info) to understand your vehicle’s specific setup and torque specs.
2. Work with a Partner
While not required, having someone assist you during the process can help with safety checks, tool access, and even troubleshooting issues you encounter.
3. Clean and Protect the Area
Use degreaser to clean the rotor, knuckle, and brake components before reassembly. Also, apply an anti-seize compound to hub mounting bolts to avoid future corrosion and stripping.
4. Calibrate Sensors After Replacing Rear Bearings
If your vehicle has ABS or stability control systems, replacing the bearing might require re-calibrating wheel speed sensors. Your OBD-II scanner could be handy in resetting error codes.
5. Plan for a Full Day
Wheel bearing replacement can take anywhere from 2 to 5 hours per wheel, especially if you encounter rusted parts, stripped bolts, or unfamiliar tools. Give yourself the time needed to work safely.
When Should You Let a Professional Handle It?
While many DIYers can successfully replace wheel bearings, some situations may be better left to professionals.
Complex Multi-Part Bearings
Some high-end or modern vehicles use complex hub assemblies with sensors, integrated brake components, or require removal of steering and suspension arms. These jobs often require specialty tools and professional-grade lifts.
Limited Tool Access
If you don’t have a breaker bar, torque wrench, jack stands, or need a bearing puller or press, consider leaving it to a shop. These tools are sometimes worth investing in, but for occasional use, they may be hard to justify.
Warranty Concerns
If your vehicle is under warranty, especially the powertrain, performing repairs on critical components like wheel bearings can void coverage. Check your warranty’s fine print before diving in.
Tackling Your First Major Repair
If you’re a beginner or have never changed a wheel bearing before, start with a low-stakes repair in a safe environment. It’s wise to have a more experienced mechanic close by for assistance the first time.
Can I Change a Rear Wheel Bearing Myself? (Special Considerations)
Changing rear wheel bearings can differ slightly from front bearings. Here’s a quick comparison:
Differences Between Front and Rear Wheel Bearings
| Feature | Front Wheel Bearing | Rear Wheel Bearing |
|---|---|---|
| Accessibility | More difficult due to steering components | Often easier due to simpler suspension setup |
| Installation | May require CV axle or strut tower removal | Usually bolt-on hub units |
| Labor Intensity | More involved, with more steps | Usually less labor-intensive |
Additional Tasks for Rear Bearings
If your vehicle uses drum brakes, the rear bearing may require drum removal and brake shoe adjustment. Always refer to your specific vehicle’s repair guide.
Conclusion: Take It Step-by-Step, Be Patient, and Stay Safe
So can you change your wheel bearing yourself? Absolutely—if you’re willing to learn, follow the proper steps, use the right tools, and maintain a focus on safety. Remember:
- Identify the faulty bearing early.
- Gather the necessary tools and replacement parts.
- Follow proper safety protocols.
- Refer to your vehicle’s manual and online resources for guidance.
- Do not hesitate to ask for help if you hit a roadblock.
Whether you’re replacing a front or rear hub unit, DIY wheel bearing replacement is possible with the right resources and a bit of elbow grease. It not only saves you money but also empowers you with a greater understanding of your vehicle. With careful planning and execution, you’ll be back on the road with confidence and a job well done.
If you’re feeling ready, grab your tools, review this guide again, and proceed—your DIY wheel bearing replacement is a project well within reach.
What tools do I need to replace a wheel bearing myself?
To replace a wheel bearing on your own, you’ll need a set of basic hand tools, including a jack and jack stands, a lug wrench, a breaker bar, a torque wrench, various socket sizes, and a pry bar. In some cases, you may also need a bearing puller or a press to remove and install the bearing properly. The exact tools required can vary depending on your vehicle’s make and model, so it’s a good idea to consult your vehicle manual or online resources specific to your car.
Additionally, you may require a screwdriver, pliers, and a hammer. Safety gear such as gloves and eye protection is vital when performing this task. If your vehicle has a hub assembly that bolts onto the steering knuckle, the process may be simpler, requiring only the removal and replacement of the entire unit. For sealed bearings, you might not need a press, but if you’re dealing with tapered bearings, you’ll need to pack them with grease. Having all the correct tools before beginning will ensure the job goes smoothly and safely.
Is replacing a wheel bearing a difficult task for a beginner?
Replacing a wheel bearing can be moderately challenging, but it’s definitely achievable for a beginner who is willing to learn and follow instructions carefully. The process involves removing the wheel, brake caliper, rotor, and hub assembly, which requires attention to detail to avoid damaging other components. If you’re comfortable working on your vehicle and have a good understanding of basic tools, you can likely complete the replacement with the help of online guides or tutorials.
However, some vehicles have more complex systems, such as ABS sensors or limited clearance, that can make the process more difficult. If your wheel bearing is pressed into the hub, you might need special tools like a hydraulic press to properly install the new bearing. For this reason, it’s important to research your specific vehicle model beforehand and gather all necessary information. With patience, the right tools, and a clear step-by-step guide, even a novice can complete a wheel bearing replacement successfully.
How long does it take to replace a wheel bearing?
On average, replacing a wheel bearing can take between 1 to 3 hours, depending on your experience level and the complexity of your vehicle’s design. If you’re working on a front-wheel-drive vehicle with a sealed hub assembly, the job might take closer to an hour. For more complicated setups, like those requiring the removal of CV axles or suspension components, it may take longer. The time also depends on how quickly you can remove rusted or stuck bolts and whether you have the correct tools on hand.
It’s important to take your time to do the job safely and correctly. Rushing can lead to mistakes such as improper torque application or incorrect installation, which could result in safety hazards later. First-time DIYers should plan for the entire process to take a bit longer, especially if they’re learning as they go. Watching a detailed tutorial beforehand and reading through your vehicle’s service manual may help speed things up while minimizing errors during the replacement process.
What are the signs of a bad wheel bearing?
Common signs of a worn or damaged wheel bearing include unusual noises coming from the wheel area, such as grinding, humming, or clicking sounds that increase with speed or when turning the vehicle. You may also notice increased vibration in the steering wheel or uneven tire wear, which indicates the wheel is not rotating smoothly. In some cases, a faulty bearing can cause the ABS light to come on, as it affects the sensor’s readings.
Another telltale sign is looseness or wobbling in the wheel when lifted off the ground. To test, safely jack up the vehicle and grab the tire at the top and bottom, then try to rock it back and forth. If there’s noticeable play, the wheel bearing is likely worn. If you suspect a bad bearing, it’s best to address the issue quickly, as a failing bearing can lead to wheel lockup or detachment in extreme cases, posing a serious safety risk to you and others on the road.
How much does it cost to replace a wheel bearing professionally?
Having a professional replace a wheel bearing typically costs between $150 and $400 per wheel, depending on your vehicle’s make, model, and where you take it for service. The part itself can range from $50 to $150 for a standard bearing or hub assembly, while labor costs make up a significant portion of the total due to the complexity involved. Luxury or high-performance vehicles can carry significantly higher price tags due to more expensive parts and labor time.
This cost can rise further if additional components need inspection or replacement, such as brake parts or suspension elements. Independent repair shops often offer lower labor rates compared to dealership service centers, though OEM (original equipment manufacturer) parts used at dealerships may offer better quality and warranty protection. If you’re looking to save money, doing the job yourself can greatly reduce the expense, especially if you already own or can borrow the necessary tools and have time and patience to complete the task correctly.
Can I drive with a bad wheel bearing?
Driving with a failing wheel bearing is not recommended, as it can be extremely dangerous. A worn or damaged bearing can cause the wheel to wobble, which affects handling and increases the risk of the wheel locking up or detaching entirely while driving. This poses a serious safety hazard not only to the driver but also to passengers and other road users. The problem may start with a minor hum or vibration that gradually worsens, giving a false sense of security to delay repairs.
Additionally, continuing to drive with a bad wheel bearing can lead to further damage to your vehicle’s hub, CV joint, or brake components, resulting in higher repair costs down the line. It’s best to address the issue immediately once you suspect a faulty bearing. If you must drive a short distance to a repair shop, do so cautiously and at reduced speeds, ready to pull over if the condition worsens. Safety should always be the top priority when dealing with such critical components of your vehicle.
Are there different types of wheel bearings I might encounter?
Yes, there are several types of wheel bearings you may encounter when replacing one yourself. The most common are tapered roller bearings, ball bearings, and sealed hub assemblies. Older vehicles typically use tapered roller bearings, which are serviceable and require cleaning, inspecting, and repacking with grease. Newer vehicles often feature sealed hub assemblies, which are plug-and-play and don’t require maintenance but usually cost more to replace.
It’s important to identify the type of wheel bearing your vehicle uses before purchasing replacement parts. Tapered bearings are often found in rear-wheel-drive setups, while sealed hub assemblies are more common in modern front-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive vehicles. Understanding the difference will help you find the correct replacement and determine what tools you may need for installation. In some cases, a mechanic might use a press to fit bearings properly, so if you’re working on a vehicle with such a design, you may need to rent or borrow one to complete the job safely.