Australia is quickly becoming a hub for innovative and sustainable transportation solutions, and one of the most promising technologies gaining traction is hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). As more consumers consider making the switch to hydrogen-powered vehicles, a common question arises: how much does it cost to fill a hydrogen car in Australia?
This detailed guide explores everything you need to know about hydrogen car costs, infrastructure development, price variations, and comparisons with traditional and electric vehicles.
Understanding Hydrogen Cars and Their Fuel Needs
Hydrogen cars, also known as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), operate by converting hydrogen gas into electricity through a fuel cell. Unlike battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hydrogen cars do not rely on long charging times. Instead, they refuel similarly to gasoline or diesel vehicles, with a comparable refueling time of around three to five minutes.
Type of Hydrogen Fuel Used
Hydrogen vehicles typically require compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) at a pressure of 70 MPa (megapascals), equivalent to about 10,000 psi. This high-pressure hydrogen ensures optimal efficiency and range for FCEVs like the Toyota Mirai, Hyundai Nexo, and Honda Clarity Fuel Cell.
Storage and Distribution Challenges
One of the challenges facing widespread adoption is hydrogen’s low energy density by volume, which makes its transportation and storage complex and expensive. These factors also influence the cost of filling a hydrogen car in different regions of Australia.
Current State of Hydrogen Infrastructure in Australia
As of early 2024, Australia’s hydrogen refueling infrastructure is in a nascent but rapidly evolving stage. The majority of publicly accessible hydrogen refueling stations are concentrated in major metropolitan areas, particularly in Victoria, New South Wales, and South Australia.
Government Initiatives Supporting Hydrogen Mobility
Several state and federal programs aim to promote green hydrogen as part of Australia’s broader climate and energy transition strategy. These include:
- NSW Government’s Hydrogen Refueling Station Grants
- Victoria’s Powering the Regions Fund
- South Australia’s Hydrogen Jobs Plan
These initiatives are slowly increasing the number of hydrogen stations, improving accessibility and lowering consumer costs over time.
Private Enterprise and Pilot Projects
Private investment is also playing a significant role. For example, Toyota and Hyundai, manufacturers of FCEVs available in Australia, have partnered with local and international firms to set up demonstration hydrogen stations. Additionally, companies like BP and Caltex have shown interest in blending hydrogen refueling into existing fuel retail networks.
What Is the Average Cost to Fill a Hydrogen Car in Australia in 2024?
Currently, hydrogen fuel in Australia is priced at approximately $10–$15 per kilogram (kg), depending on the location and supplier. This is quite high compared to international benchmarks, but it is expected to reduce as domestic green hydrogen production scales up.
To estimate the total cost of a full hydrogen tank, you must consider two main factors:
- The vehicle’s hydrogen tank capacity
- The local price per kilogram of hydrogen
Common FCEV Models and Storage Capacities
| FCEV Model | Hydrogen Tank Capacity | Range (approx.) |
|————|————————-|——————|
| Toyota Mirai (2021–2023) | 5.6 kg | 650 km |
| Toyota Mirai II (2023–2024) | 6.2 kg | 850 km |
| Hyundai Nexo | 6.3 kg | 666 km |
| Honda Clarity Fuel Cell | 5.0 kg | 589 km |
Note: The latest generation Toyota Mirai introduced in 2023 significantly outperforms earlier versions in terms of fuel efficiency and tank size.
Calculating Refueling Costs in 2024
Using the average price of $12/kg:
| Vehicle | Hydrogen Capacity (kg) | Average Cost at $12/kg | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toyota Mirai II (2023) | 6.2 kg | $74.40 | 850 km |
| Hyundai Nexo | 6.3 kg | $75.60 | 666 km |
| Toyota Mirai (2021) | 5.6 kg | $67.20 | 650 km |
| Honda Clarity | 5.0 kg | $60.00 | 589 km |
This translates to cost per kilometer (km), as seen below:
- Toyota Mirai (850 km): $0.087 per km
- Hyundai Nexo (666 km): $0.113 per km
- Honda Clarity (589 km): $0.101 per km
When compared to conventional fuel and electric vehicles, the cost per distance for hydrogen cars is currently higher, but the picture may change as hydrogen prices reduce and fuel efficiency increases in newer models.
Comparison With Battery Electric and Conventional Fuel Vehicles
To provide a contextual comparison with hydrogen fuel costs, let’s compare FCEVs with EVs (battery electric vehicles) and traditional fuel-powered cars (ICEVs).
Cost per km of Driving
| Vehicle Type | Avg. Trip Cost (Based on 600 km) | Avg. Cost per km |
|—————|——————————|——————|
| Hydrogen FCEV | $75 | $0.125 |
| Electric Vehicle (EV) | $30–$40 (based on $0.30/kWh) | $0.05–$0.07 |
| Petrol Car (6L/100km) | $72–$96 (based on $2–$2.60/L) | $0.12–$0.16 |
The above comparison shows that hydrogen fuel costs are competitive or slightly higher than petrol vehicles, and significantly higher than electric vehicles, at present.
Key Fuel Cost Influencers
- Electricity price affects EV charging cost
- Hydrogen production method (green or gray hydrogen) affects retail cost
- Location and availability of refueling stations can affect hydrogen fuel prices
- Variability in petrol prices can lead to ICEVs being more expensive than FCEVs occasionally
Therefore, the economic viability of hydrogen vehicles depends largely on regional incentives and price trends in hydrogen infrastructure, which are subject to change over time.
Where to Refill Hydrogen Cars in Australia (2024 Update)
Despite the growing demand for FCEVs, hydrogen refueling stations in Australia remain limited. However, strategic deployments are underway in major cities and transport corridors. Below is a list of known hydrogen refueling stations across Australia as of mid-2024.
New South Wales (Sydney & surrounds)
- Toyota Hydrogen Station (Sydney): Located at the University of New South Wales Green Ammonia Refueling Station
- NSW Government-funded public hydrogen refueling station (Western Sydney): Part of the Western Sydney Hydrogen Hub
Victoria (Melbourne and Geelong)
- Energy Australia (Melbourne Inner City)
- Viva Energy (Geelong Pilot Station)
- Toyota Australia (Melbourne HQ Station – demonstration purposes)
South Australia (Adelaide & Port Lincoln)
- H2GO Adelaide (North)
- Neoen’s Hydrogen Refueling Station (Port Lincoln): Part of Australia’s first green hydrogen-powered community project
Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania
Currently, hydrogen stations in these regions are limited to pilot projects, often reserved for industrial and public demonstrations.
Will Hydrogen Refueling Costs Go Down in the Future?
A critical question potential FCEV buyers have is whether the cost of filling a hydrogen car in Australia will go down in the coming years.
The Role of Green Hydrogen Production
Australia’s abundant solar and wind resources position it as a prime candidate for cost-effective green hydrogen production.
The green hydrogen boom, driven by international demand (particularly from Japan and South Korea), is likely to result in cheaper domestic hydrogen supply, especially in states like Queensland, South Australia, and WA, which are investing heavily in large-scale electrolysis plants.
Scale Effects and Technological Breakthroughs
As more hydrogen vehicles are sold and more hydrogen stations are established:
- Storage and distribution costs will likely fall due to economy of scale
- Advances in electrolyzer technology will reduce green hydrogen generation cost
- Competition among hydrogen fuel suppliers may drive prices down
Industry estimates predict that by 2030, the price of hydrogen could drop to $4–$6 per kg, making hydrogen fuel competitive with, or even cheaper than petrol on a cost-per-kilometer basis.
State-Level Subsidies and Incentives
Given that hydrogen is aligned with Australia’s low-emission transport and renewable energy strategies, it is likely that future subsidies will:
- Cover part of the hydrogen refueling costs for early adopters
- Offer tax incentives for FCEV purchases
- Provide access to express lanes or toll-free travel to encourage wider adoption
These incentives are key to driving consumer interest until green hydrogen reaches full production potential.
Conclusion: Is a Hydrogen Car Worth the Investment Right Now?
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are a viable option for environmentally-conscious drivers, particularly for those who:
- Need fast refueling capabilities
- Drive long distances regularly
- Live in cities with existing hydrogen infrastructure
- Want to support early-stage clean energy innovation
However, the current high fuel cost (~$12–$15/kg) and limited refueling networks may be barriers for mainstream adoption.
For most users, the financial case for hydrogen cars will strengthen when green hydrogen becomes the standard, more public refueling stations are established, and costs fall below $8/kg.
Still, for those committed to being pioneers in sustainable transportation, hydrogen offers a unique blend of convenience, performance, and eco-friendliness.
In summary, while the average cost to fill a hydrogen car in Australia in 2024 ranges between $60–$75 per fill, the future outlook is promising, with substantial reductions expected as technology, infrastructure, and green hydrogen production mature across the country.
If you’re considering a hydrogen car, staying informed about infrastructure developments, fuel prices, and government incentives is essential. As Australia continues to advance its hydrogen economy, hydrogen-fueling costs are expected to become more competitive, making this an exciting time to be at the forefront of change.
What is the average cost to fill a hydrogen car in Australia?
The average cost to fill a hydrogen car in Australia currently ranges between $80 and $120 for a full tank, depending on the location and the specific model of the vehicle. This price is largely influenced by the production, transportation, and dispensing costs of hydrogen fuel. Compared to traditional petrol or diesel, hydrogen is still more expensive at the pump, mainly due to its limited infrastructure and the relatively early stage of adoption.
Hydrogen fuel is sold by the kilogram, with prices ranging from $10 to $15 per kilogram in most pilot or trial programs. A typical hydrogen car requires around 5–7 kilograms to fill, which translates into the cost range mentioned above. As production scales and distribution networks expand, industry experts predict that the price per kilogram could decrease significantly, making hydrogen more competitive with conventional and electric vehicle fuels.
How does the cost of filling a hydrogen car compare to petrol and electric vehicles in Australia?
Filling a hydrogen car is generally more expensive than refueling a petrol-powered vehicle and more costly per equivalent kilometre than charging an electric vehicle (EV). For example, driving 100 km in a hydrogen car might cost around $10–$15, whereas a petrol car might cost $8–$12, and an EV could cost $4–$6 depending on electricity rates. These comparisons are sensitive to fuel price fluctuations and efficiency differences between vehicles.
However, hydrogen vehicles offer distinct advantages such as faster refueling times (under 5 minutes) and longer driving ranges per tank compared to many EVs. While EVs have lower ongoing fuel costs, hydrogen vehicles are better suited for long-distance or heavy-use scenarios. As the hydrogen market develops in Australia, the gap in cost is expected to narrow, making hydrogen a more viable everyday option.
Where can I fill up a hydrogen car in Australia?
At present, hydrogen refueling stations in Australia are limited and mostly concentrated in capital cities such as Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, and Adelaide. These stations are primarily part of government-supported trials or operated by companies involved in hydrogen production and automotive testing. The number of public hydrogen stations is still very low, which restricts widespread adoption and accessibility of hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Most of the existing stations are not open to the general public and are reserved for fleet vehicles, trial participants, and government or corporate partners. However, some private companies and state governments are investing in expanding hydrogen fuelling infrastructure to support future growth. As the industry scales up, more conveniently located and publicly accessible stations are expected to emerge, particularly along major transport corridors.
What factors influence the cost of hydrogen fuel in Australia?
Several factors influence the cost of hydrogen fuel in Australia, including the method of production, transportation and storage requirements, and the scale of the infrastructure. Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy through electrolysis, is more expensive than grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels but emits carbon dioxide. As environmental regulations tighten, the trend is shifting towards cleaner production methods, which also affects pricing.
Additionally, hydrogen needs to be compressed or liquefied for storage and transport, which involves energy-intensive processes that add to the cost. The limited existing fuelling infrastructure also contributes to high prices, as smaller-scale operations lack the economies of scale seen in traditional fuel networks. As investment increases and demand grows, these costs are anticipated to decline over time.
Are there government subsidies or incentives for hydrogen car owners in Australia?
Yes, the Australian government and some state jurisdictions offer support for hydrogen vehicle adoption, including trial programs, research funding, and infrastructure investment. While there is no nationwide rebate or subsidy per se for hydrogen fuel purchases, various initiatives aim to encourage the development of hydrogen as a clean transport energy source. These include grants for hydrogen station construction and exemptions on specific taxes or fees for hydrogen-powered fleets.
Some pilot programs allow select hydrogen car owners to refuel for free or at a reduced rate to test user behavior and station performance. These limited initiatives are typically targeted at businesses or public transport operators rather than individual consumers. As the hydrogen economy gains traction, it is likely that more comprehensive subsidies or tax incentives will be introduced to promote broader adoption.
What types of hydrogen cars are available in Australia?
Currently, there are very few hydrogen-powered cars available for sale in Australia, with the Toyota Mirai and selected Hyundai Nexo models being the most prominent. These vehicles have been introduced on a small scale, mostly for demonstration, trial projects, or fleet use linked to government or private sector sustainability initiatives. As a result, private ownership of hydrogen vehicles remains rare and often restricted to specific programs or corporate use.
Toyota, Hyundai, and other manufacturers are monitoring hydrogen infrastructure development closely and may expand their offerings in Australia as fuelling stations become more widespread. The limited availability of models is both a cause and effect of the underdeveloped refuelling network, which is gradually changing as part of the national push toward cleaner energy sources in transport.
How much does hydrogen fuel infrastructure cost to build in Australia?
Building hydrogen fuel infrastructure is capital-intensive, with a single hydrogen refueling station costing anywhere between $1 million and $3 million to install and commission. These costs reflect the complexity of hydrogen compression, storage, and dispensing systems, which require advanced technologies to ensure safety, efficiency, and performance. Stations connected to renewable hydrogen sources may incur additional expenses related to on-site electrolysis or hydrogen storage.
Ongoing operational and maintenance costs are also significant due to the current lack of economies of scale and the limited volume of hydrogen fuel use. Despite these challenges, governments and private companies in Australia are investing in infrastructure development as part of efforts to support hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. As the market matures and more stations are established, infrastructure costs are forecast to decrease progressively.