Changing your engine oil is one of the most fundamental and essential maintenance tasks you can perform on your vehicle. Regular oil changes help ensure your engine runs smoothly, lasts longer, and performs efficiently. While many people rely on professional services, changing your engine oil at home is a practical, cost-effective solution that you can learn with a bit of guidance.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know to change your engine oil step by step. From choosing the right oil to the tools you’ll need and the dos and don’ts of the process, this article is your go-to resource for mastering oil changes at home.
Why Regular Oil Changes Are Crucial
Before diving into the how-to, it’s worth understanding why oil changes are such a big deal. Engine oil serves multiple functions:
- Lubricates moving parts to reduce friction and wear
- Helps regulate engine temperature by carrying heat away
- Keeps the engine clean by trapping dirt and debris
- Improves fuel efficiency by ensuring smooth engine operation
Over time, oil breaks down and accumulates contaminants, which can lead to increased wear and even engine failure. Following the manufacturer’s recommended oil change schedule helps maintain your car’s performance and longevity.
Pro Tip: Some vehicles recommend oil changes every 5,000 km, while others can go up to 15,000 km on synthetic oil — always refer to your owner’s manual.
Gathering the Right Tools and Materials
Before you start the process, it’s important to have all the necessary tools and materials ready. Doing so ensures the job is efficient and safe.
Essential Tools and Materials
Here’s a checklist of what you’ll need:
- Correct type and amount of engine oil
- New oil filter (compatible with your vehicle’s make and model)
- Oil filter wrench
- Socket wrench set (to remove the drain plug)
- Oil catching pan or drain pan
- Rubber gloves and safety goggles
- Ramps or a jack and jack stands (if working under the vehicle)
- Funnel for pouring oil
- Shop towels or rags
Types of Engine Oil: Which One Should You Use?
Using the right oil is critical. There are three main types:
- Conventional mineral oil – best for older, low-performance engines
- Semi-synthetic oil – offers improved protection and performance
- Synthetic oil – ideal for high-performance vehicles and extreme conditions
Always refer to your vehicle’s manual for specifications, including viscosity (e.g., 5W-30, 10W-40). The first number indicates cold-temperature performance, while the second reflects high-temperature viscosity.
Preparing Your Vehicle for an Oil Change
Safety and preparation are key to a successful DIY oil change. Here’s how to set up your workspace and your car for the process.
Choose a Safe, Flat Work Area
Ensure your vehicle is parked on a level, stable surface. Avoid inclines, and never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
Warm Up the Engine (Optional)
While it’s not necessary, a slightly warmed-up engine helps the oil drain faster. Just be careful not to overheat it or perform the change when it’s too hot.
Use Proper Vehicle Support
If your engine oil plug is located underneath the vehicle, use ramps or safely jack up each side, ensuring the car is stable with jack stands. Never rely solely on a hydraulic jack.
Step-by-Step Guide to Changing Engine Oil
Now that you’ve gathered everything and prepared your car, let’s go through the process of changing the engine oil step by step.
Step 1: Locate the Oil Drain Plug and Oil Filter
Before doing anything, locate the following parts:
- Oil drain plug – typically located at the bottom of the oil pan
- Oil filter – usually mounted to the side of the engine block
Refer to your vehicle manual if you have trouble identifying these components, especially if the engine bay is crowded.
Step 2: Remove the Oil Cap and Start Draining the Oil
Remove the oil filler cap on top of the engine. This helps the oil drain faster by breaking the vacuum inside the oil pan.
Place your oil catching pan directly beneath the drain plug, then use a socket wrench to loosen the plug slightly. Turn it carefully by hand to avoid stripping the threads.
Step 3: Remove the Oil Filter
Once the oil flow has slowed, locate the oil filter. Place the oil filter wrench around it and unscrew it. Be prepared for some oil to spill out from the filter.
Before installing the new filter, apply a small amount of fresh oil to the rubber gasket. This helps create a tight seal and makes it easier to remove next time.
Screw the new filter on by hand — avoid over-tightening it, as this can damage the seal.
Step 4: Replace the Drain Plug and Refill with New Oil
Once the oil has completely drained (this can take 10–15 minutes), reinstall the drain plug securely using the socket wrench. Be sure not to overtighten.
Now, using a funnel, slowly pour the new oil into the engine through the filler cap hole. Pour gradually to avoid spilling. Check the owner’s manual to know the correct oil capacity — usually 4 to 6 liters, depending on your engine.
After filling, replace the filler cap and wipe up any spilled oil with a clean rag.
Step 5: Check Oil Level and Run the Engine
Start your engine and let it run for about a minute to circulate the new oil. Check for any leaks under the car, then turn off the engine.
Wait 5–10 minutes for the oil to settle, then use the dipstick to check the oil level. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, reinsert it fully, and pull it out again. The oil level should be between the minimum and maximum marks.
If it’s low, add more oil slowly.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Even careful DIYers can make missteps during an oil change. Being aware of common errors can save you time, money, and engine damage.
1. Using the Wrong Type of Oil
Using oil outside of manufacturer recommendations can void warranties or damage engine components. Always double-check the specifications.
2. Over-Tightening the Drain Plug and Oil Filter
Too much force when replacing the drain plug or oil filter can strip threads, leading to leaks, or make it harder to remove next time.
3. Forgetting to Replace the Oil Filter
Failing to replace the oil filter means you’re circulating clean oil through a dirty one, which defeats the purpose. Always install a new filter with each oil change.
4. Not Letting the Oil Settle Before Checking
Checking oil levels immediately after filling can give a false low reading. Be patient and wait a few minutes for accurate results.
5. Improperly Disposing of Used Oil
Used motor oil is hazardous and should never be poured down the drain or into the trash. Many auto parts stores and oil recycling centers accept used oil for free. Check local regulations for proper disposal in your area.
How Often Should You Change Your Oil?
The answer to this question depends on several factors:
- Vehicle make and model
- Type of oil used
- Driving conditions (extreme heat, frequent stop-and-go traffic, towing heavy loads)
Using Conventional Oil
If you’re using traditional motor oil, it’s generally advised to change it every 5,000 to 8,000 kilometers or every 6 months, whichever comes first.
Using Synthetic Oil
Synthetic oils typically offer better protection and can last 10,000 to 15,000 kilometers before needing replacement. However, always follow the vehicle’s specific guidelines.
Harsh Driving Conditions
If you frequently drive in extreme conditions, including dusty environments, cold starts, or heavy towing, you may need to change your oil more often, even if you’re using synthetic oil.
Advanced Considerations for Different Engine Types
While the basic oil change process is similar across vehicles, there are a few exceptions and special considerations for certain engine types.
Subaru Boxer Engines
These engines have a horizontally opposed design, so they may require specific oil filters and unique draining techniques to ensure all oil is removed.
Turbocharged Engines
Turbo engines run at high temperatures and may benefit from more frequent changes as a precaution. Always use high-quality synthetic oil designed to withstand the increased heat and stress.
Diesel Engines
Diesel engines generally require heavier-duty oils and shorter change intervals due to their high-compression nature. These are usually indicated in the owner’s manual.
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Most EVs don’t require oil changes for the motor, but some models still have systems like reduction gears that may require periodic fluid changes. Always check your vehicle-specific maintenance guidelines.
Time-Saving Tips and Pro Tricks
Changing oil can be a time-consuming chore, but with the right know-how, you can streamline the process.
Prepare a Dedicated Oil Change Kit
Store all your tools, oil, and filters in a dedicated oil change kit for easy access every time. Keep a printed copy of your vehicle’s specs and change interval guidelines in the kit.
Use a Magnetic Drain Plug
Magnetic drain plugs can capture metal particles in the oil pan, helping you monitor engine health. They’re a smart upgrade for frequent DIY oil changers.
Keep a Maintenance Log
Keeping a written or digital record of when you changed your oil and filter can help you stay on schedule and avoid unnecessary reminders. Some apps and vehicle dashboards can also help with reminders.
Conclusion: Take Control of Your Car’s Health
Changing your engine oil isn’t just a routine chore — it’s an investment in your vehicle’s performance and longevity. With the right tools, a bit of patience, and a clear guide like this one, you can confidently maintain your engine from your driveway or garage.
Regular oil changes are affordable, satisfying, and simple ways to build a better relationship with your car. Whether you’re a seasoned DIYer or a first-time oil changer, mastering this essential maintenance task empowers you to take control of your vehicle’s long-term health.
Now that you know exactly how to change oil safely and effectively, grab your tools, your manual, and the fresh oil — and give your engine the clean start it deserves!
What tools and materials do I need to change my engine oil?
To successfully change your engine oil, you’ll need a few essential tools and materials. These include a wrench or socket set to remove the oil drain plug, an oil filter wrench to remove the old filter, a funnel to pour in the new oil, and an oil catch pan to collect the used oil. Additionally, you’ll need the correct type and amount of new motor oil for your vehicle, as specified in the owner’s manual, and a new oil filter compatible with your car’s make and model.
Safety gear such as gloves and eye protection is also highly recommended. A jack and jack stands or ramps may be necessary if your vehicle sits low to the ground and requires lifting for access. Having a clean rag or paper towels handy will help with wiping up spills and checking the oil level after the change. It’s also a good idea to have your owner’s manual nearby to reference specific steps and fluid capacities for your car.
How often should I change my engine oil?
The recommended frequency for changing engine oil varies based on the vehicle and driving conditions. Traditionally, it was advised to change the oil every 3,000 miles, but many modern cars can go between 5,000 to 7,500 miles or even longer on synthetic oils. Always refer to your owner’s manual for the manufacturer’s suggested interval. Factors such as driving in extreme temperatures, frequent short trips, towing, or driving in dusty conditions may require more frequent oil changes.
If your vehicle has an oil life monitoring system, it can provide a more accurate indication of when an oil change is necessary. Still, it’s good practice to check your oil regularly for level and condition, especially between scheduled changes. Regular oil changes help prolong engine life by removing contaminants, ensuring proper lubrication, and maintaining engine efficiency, which is crucial for keeping your car running smoothly.
How do I properly dispose of used motor oil?
Used motor oil should never be disposed of improperly, such as dumping it on the ground, in storm drains, or in the trash. Instead, it should be taken to a certified recycling center, auto parts store, or service center that accepts used oil. Many local garages and oil change businesses offer recycling services for free or a small fee. Keep the used oil in a sealed container labeled clearly, and avoid mixing it with other fluids like antifreeze or gasoline.
It’s also important to check local environmental regulations, as some areas have specific laws regarding oil disposal. Recycling used motor oil helps reduce environmental pollution and conserves natural resources, as the oil can be re-refined and reused. Never pour used oil into your regular trash cans or down the drain—it poses a serious environmental hazard and can lead to costly legal penalties.
Can I change the oil without replacing the oil filter?
While it is possible to change the engine oil without replacing the oil filter, it is not recommended. The oil filter captures dirt, metal particles, and other contaminants that can damage your engine. If the old filter is not replaced, those contaminants can re-enter the engine when new oil is introduced, reducing its effectiveness and shortening the engine’s lifespan. The owner’s manual typically suggests replacing the filter with every oil change.
Replacing the filter is a relatively inexpensive way to protect your engine, and it takes minimal additional time during the oil change process. However, if you’re stuck and must go without, ensure the old filter is still in good condition and not clogged. That said, to maintain engine health and performance, it’s best practice to always install a new filter when changing the oil.
What should I do if I overfill the engine oil?
If you accidentally add too much oil to your engine, it’s important to correct the issue as soon as possible. Overfilling can cause excessive pressure in the crankcase, leading to oil leaks, reduced engine efficiency, and potential internal damage due to oil frothing and poor lubrication. Use a siphon pump or drain a small amount of oil through the drain plug to bring the level back to normal, then recheck with the dipstick to ensure it’s at the proper level.
Before topping off the oil, double-check the recommended capacity in your owner’s manual and add oil slowly. It’s easier to add a little more if needed than to remove excess. Always allow the engine to cool down before checking the oil level, and make sure the car is on level ground. Taking a little extra time to avoid overfilling will help prevent unnecessary wear and maintenance issues.
Is it better to change oil when the engine is hot or cold?
It is generally best to change oil when the engine is warm but not scalding hot. A warm engine allows the oil to flow more freely, which helps ensure that all the old oil drains out of the engine and into the oil pan. However, if the engine is too hot, there is a risk of burning yourself on engine components or hot oil. It’s ideal to run the engine for a few minutes to circulate the oil, then turn it off and wait 10–15 minutes before draining to reduce the risk.
Avoid changing oil when the engine is cold, especially if you’re using thicker motor oils, since cold oil can be sluggish and may not drain completely. This can leave behind old oil residues that can contaminate the new oil. In a warm engine, the oil viscosity is reduced, allowing for a more thorough and efficient oil change. Regardless of the engine temperature, always make sure the vehicle is stable before starting the change.
How do I know if I’ve successfully tightened the drain plug and oil filter?
To ensure the drain plug is properly tightened, hand-tighten it first, then give it a slight turn with a wrench—usually about a quarter to half turn beyond hand-tight. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can strip the threads or damage the oil pan. The goal is to create a secure seal without excessive force. Check for any visible leaks once the oil is refilled and the engine is running.
For the oil filter, hand-tighten it until the gasket makes contact with the engine mount and then give it an additional three-quarters of a turn. This ensures a proper seal without over-squeezing the gasket, which could lead to leaks or difficulty removing it at the next oil change. After starting the engine, let it run for a minute and then check under the car for any leaks. If you see oil dripping from the drain plug or filter, turn off the engine and retighten the component carefully.